Chocolate city
posted by bitchphd
A couple of the more interesting pieces I read about the flooding are here (Salon) and here. The first points out that the disaster--which, along with a terrorist attack on New York, was predicted by FEMA in 2001--might well have been prevented if the Bush administration hadn't consistently cut funding for flood control efforts in New Orleans:
by 2003 the federal funding for the flood control project essentially dried up as it was drained into the Iraq war. In 2004, the Bush administration cut funding requested by the New Orleans district of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for holding back the waters of Lake Pontchartrain by more than 80 percent. Additional cuts at the beginning of this year (for a total reduction in funding of 44.2 percent since 2001) forced the New Orleans district of the Corps to impose a hiring freeze.Note that as bad as the hurricane itself was, it was really the broken levee afterwards that destroyed the city.
The second link up there asks why the major television coverage isn't mentioning the subject of race. New Orleans is a majority-black city: 67%. As people are beginning to point out, many if not most of those stranded and now in need of recognizing are black and poor: people who didn't own cars, so couldn't evacuate; or people who may have lacked insurance or the money to replace lost or looted possessions, so risked staying; or people who couldn't afford to leave town and get a hotel room.
While I was on vacation, I read Sheryll Cashin's The Failures of Integration. I highly recommend the book, which came out last year; Cashin does a strong job of presenting a great deal of empirical evidence explaining the whys and hows of continued segregation in America, particularly in terms of where we live. She starts out by acknowledging that people prefer to live in neighborhoods where they feel "comfortable"--which means that both blacks and whites often choose neighborhoods where they are in the majority--but then goes on to dig deeper into the history of segregation, not just because of Jim Crow laws, but as a consequence of HUD mortgage practices, the creation of the interstate highway system, thirty to forty years of emphasis on "local governance," zoning laws, and pernicious tax systems that build suburban infrastructure using city taxes, but then don't return suburban tax money to the cities, ensuring that wealth is concentrated in white suburban developments. It's a sobering and eye-opening book. While much of what she says about school funding and increasing segregation in public schools I already knew, her research and discussion of housing practices--which underlie school segregation--is new to me. As I read, I thought about the last two presidential elections, and the oft-noted distinction between the urban and suburban vote, and I wondered why so little discussion about election strategy and party "framing" has failed to pay attention to the obvious question of race. We all know that "urban" is a code word for "black." But I have seen very few people point out the juxtaposition of the overt right-wing attacks on "city liberals" with the outreach efforts directed at the black church on "family values" and gay marriage. Cashin's book, which talks towards the end about the Bush administration's resort to social values rhetoric that masks its real economic agenda, made me wonder if the real target there might not be white integrationists and the resulting urban renewal that is starting to challenge many of the divide-and-conquer strategies of suburban development, the gutting of public education, and the aggressive tax cutting measures that undermine social services and public goods that are more visible to city dwellers than they are to those in the suburbs.
And then the hurricane and flooding. Which happened in part because the administration underfunded the infrastructures that could have protected the city, and which are straining the resources of the National Guard because everyone's over in Iraq, and which is displacing hundreds of thousands of people. Those who are wealthy enough to be well-insured have lost a great deal, but they will be able to rebuild, or buy somewhere else. They have and will suffer, but they will regroup; with savings or investments they will be able to tighten their belts and ride out a few weeks of unemployment; with cultural capital and social connections they will be able to get help from friends and family. Those who lack those things, black and white, will have to depend on government help to pull their lives back together. Will they get it? Do we remember the way that the funds for the vicitms of 9/11 privileged the wealthy over the poor?
We often say that natural disasters affect everyone, that people pull together in the face of tragedy. And surely this is so, especially at first. But like the "natural" desire to live someplace where one's neighbors share one's social background, subtle and not-so-subtle inequalities underlie the common experience of the hurricane. The aftereffects, I think, will test how well our national imagination has overcome our long history of black / white divisions. Will we care as much about the lower-lying areas of New Orleans as we did about rebuilding lower Manhattan?































